![]() ![]() Bliss to Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. Von Braun and his rocket team moved in 1950 from Ft. military needed larger missiles, traveling faster and farther. When their usefulness to the Soviets ended, most were returned to East Germany in June 1952.Īs the Cold War with the Soviet Union began to heat up, the U.S. Most of the German rocket experts eventually were sent to Gorodom Island, 150 miles northwest of the Russian capital. Army WAC Corporal second stage reached what was then a record altitude of 250 miles. Bliss, Texas, members of the German rocket team conducted upper atmospheric research launching V-2s from the White Sands Missile Range. 22, 1946, more than 175 of the German engineers and their families were abruptly ordered by Russian military troops that they were to immediately to board trains for a long ride to Moscow. However, in the middle of the night of Oct. Many eventually went to work for the Russian missile program led by Chief Designer Sergei Krolev. The members of the V-2 group who remained at Peenemünde were in the Soviet occupation zone that became East Germany. “The root causes of the confrontation between the two superpowers at the beginning of the Cold War included the struggle to get the upper hand in atomic bomb production and the search to acquire the German missile legacy,” he said. One of the founding fathers of the Soviet and Russian space program, Boris Chertok, wrote of their effort to capture the German rocket experts in his 1999 memoir, Rockets and People: Hot Days of the Cold War, re-published in 2009 by the NASA History Division. The Soviet Union’s Chief Designer, Sergei Korolev, at the Kapustin Yar firing range in 1953. They conducted upper atmospheric research and experiments while based at Fort Bliss, Texas and launched the V-2s from the White Sands Missile Range just over the state line in New Mexico. Von Braun came to America in 1945 with 115 members of his team and 100 of their rockets. Army forces once the Americans advanced close enough to safely do so. He and other rocket specialists wanted to take their skills to U.S. Wernher von Braun who dreamed of human spaceflight from his youth. Most members of the rocket team were more interested in exploring space than developing weapons of war. Government officials in America and Russia hoped to capture, not only parts and plans for the missiles, they wanted the brainpower of the world’s foremost rocket experts. Von Braun’s arm was broken in March when his car crashed after slipping off an icy mountain road. Wernher von Braun, technical director at Peenemünde Wernher’s younger brother, Magnus von Braun, a chemical engineer and Hans Lindenberg, a combustion chamber engineer. Herbert Axster, chief of staff at Peenemünde Dieter Huzel, propulsion engineer, Dr. Counterintelligence Corps agent Charles Stewart Dr. troops in Bavaria, Germany on May 2, 1945. Members of the world’s foremost rocket team are seen after surrendering to U.S. The Nazi propaganda ministry renamed the rocket V-2 for “Vengeance Weapon-2.” In addition to being a weapon, the rocket was the first human-made object to reach 60 miles high, the threshold of outer space. They developed the world’s first ballistic missile – what they called the A-4 for Aggregate-4. A team of rocket scientists and engineers were working for the German army at their rocket center in Peenemünde on the coast of the Baltic Sea. and the Soviet Union began in the closing stages of World War II. The GPS (Global Positioning System), weather satellites, telecommunications, the internet.” When did the Space Race begin? “Without the space program, our economy would be hurled 50 years into the past,” said Michio Kaku, author and professor of theoretical physics at the City College of New York. While America’s response to the Soviet’s early lead was politically motivated, it helped develop modern technology vital in the world today. The Space Race of the 1950s and 1960s was rooted in the Cold War. However, the world often was brought together as millions watched fellow humans venture “where no one had gone before.” The arrival of The Beatles resulted in new styles in music and fashion, and the war in Vietnam gave rise to widespread protests. ![]() The Civil Rights movement led to legislation to remove barriers due to race. Extensive highway systems allowed families to travel as never before and television brought the world into homes. The period was a time of fundamental change in America and the world. ![]()
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